Ferrari FF

The Ferrari FF (Type F151) (FF meaning "Ferrari Four", for four seats and four-wheel drive) is a grand tourer presented by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari on March 1, 2011, at the Geneva Motor Show as a successor to the 612 Scaglietti grand tourer. It is Ferrari's first production four-wheel drive model. The body style has been described as a shooting brake, a type of two-door coupé-based sporting estate. The FF has a top speed of 335 km/h (208 mph) and it accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.7 seconds. Ferrari states that the FF was the world's fastest four-seat automobile upon its release to the public. The FF costs US$300,000, with 800 being produced during the first year. At the time of its introduction, the Ferrari FF had the largest road-going Ferrari engine ever produced: a F140 EB 6,262 cc (6.3 L; 382.1 cu in) naturally aspirated direct injection 65° V12, which is rated at 485 kW (659 PS; 650 hp) at 8,000 rpm and 683 N⋅m (504 lb⋅ft) of torque at 6,000 rpm. The FF is equipped with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission and paddle shift system similar to the California, the 458 Italia, and the F12 Berlinetta. The new four-wheel drive system, engineered and patented by Ferrari, is called 4RM: it is around 50% lighter than a conventional system, and provides power intelligently to each of the four wheels as needed. It functions only when the manettino dial on the steering wheel is in the "comfort" or "snow" positions, leaving the car most often in the traditional rear wheel drive layout. Ferrari's first use of four-wheel drive was in a prototype developed in the end of the 1980s, called the 408 4RM (abbreviation of "4.0 litre, 8 cylinder, 4 Ruote Motrici", meaning "four-wheel drive"). This system is based around a second, simple, gearbox (gears and other components built by Carraro Engineering), taking power from the front of the engine. This gearbox (designated "power transfer unit", or PTU) has only two forward gears (2nd and 4th) plus reverse (with gear ratios 6% taller than the corresponding ratios in the main gearbox), so the system is only active in 1st to 4th gears. The connection between this gearbox and each front wheel is via independent Haldex-type clutches, without a differential. Due to the difference in ratios "the clutches continually slip" and only transmit, at most, 20% of the engine's torque. A detailed description of the system (based on a conversation with Roberto Fedeli, Ferrari's technical director) has been published. The FF shares the design language of contemporary Ferrari automobiles, including the pulled-back headlights of the 458 Italia, and the twin circular taillights seen on the 458 as well as the 599 GTB Fiorano. Designed under the direction of Lowie Vermeersch, former design director at Pininfarina, and Flavio Manzoni, Ferrari's Styling Centre, work on the shooting brake concept initially started following the creation of the Sintesi show car of 2007. Distinctive styling elements include a large "egg-crate" grille, defined side skirts, and four exhaust tips. The shooting brake configuration is a departure from the conventional wedge shape of modern Ferrari automobiles, and the FF has been likened to the similarly shaped 1962 Ferrari 250 GT SWB Drogo race car. The FF's exterior design produced a drag coefficient of Cd=0.329. The shooting brake design, with its folding rear seats, gives the Ferrari FF a boot capacity of between 450 and 800 litres (16 and 28 cu ft). Luxury is the main element of the interior; and the use of leather is incorporated throughout, just like the predecessors of the FF. Creature comforts like premium air conditioning, GPS navigation system, carpeting and sound system are also used.