Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡændi/ GA(H)N-dee;[1] 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer,[2] anti-colonial nationalist[3] and political ethicist[4] who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule,[5] and to later inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "great-souled", "venerable"), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world.[6][7]